{"id":12377,"date":"2020-09-02T09:29:02","date_gmt":"2020-09-02T07:29:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/neco\/?p=12377"},"modified":"2021-02-17T11:44:44","modified_gmt":"2021-02-17T10:44:44","slug":"commerce-exterieur-suisse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dev.neuchateleconomie.ch\/?p=12377","title":{"rendered":"Commerce ext\u00e9rieur de la Suisse : une nouvelle m\u00e9thode de calcul"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jean-Marie Grether est professeur d\u2019\u00e9conomie internationale \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Neuch\u00e2tel depuis 2000. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 doyen de la Facult\u00e9 des sciences \u00e9conomiques de 2009 \u00e0 2011 puis de 2013 \u00e0 2015. Il est vice-recteur de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 depuis janvier 2017. Il a enseign\u00e9 en Europe, au Mexique et en Argentine. Il a obtenu son doctorat \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Gen\u00e8ve en 1995. Ses domaines de recherches sont la politique commerciale (\u00e9conomie politique, impacts sur la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9), la migration internationale, les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s, le d\u00e9veloppement ainsi que l\u2019environnement.<\/em><\/p>\n

Jusqu\u2019aux donn\u00e9es 2019, les statistiques cantonales \u00e9taient produites selon le num\u00e9ro postal (NPA) transmis par l\u2019entreprise dans la d\u00e9claration en douane. La m\u00e9thode a \u00e9volu\u00e9. Interview avec Jean-Marie Grether pour mieux la comprendre ainsi que ses impacts.<\/h2>\n

La m\u00e9thode de calcul du commerce ext\u00e9rieur de la Suisse, ventil\u00e9 par Canton a \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9e. Quels commentaires cela vous inspire-t-il ?<\/h3>\n

Jusqu\u2019aux donn\u00e9es 2019, les statistiques cantonales \u00e9taient produites selon le num\u00e9ro postal (NPA) transmis par l\u2019entreprise dans la d\u00e9claration en douane. Sur la base du NPA de l\u2019exp\u00e9diteur et du destinataire, les exportations et importations \u00e9taient ensuite ventil\u00e9es par canton.
\nAfin de produire des donn\u00e9es plus fiables, une nouvelle m\u00e9thode tient d\u00e9sormais compte de l\u2019adresse de l\u2019exportateur<\/strong> et non de l\u2019exp\u00e9diteur (et similairement pour les importations). Cette m\u00e9thode recoupe les donn\u00e9es des d\u00e9clarations en douane avec les donn\u00e9es du registre des entreprises et des \u00e9tablissements (REE) gr\u00e2ce au num\u00e9ro d\u2019identification des entreprises (IDE)<\/strong>. Les donn\u00e9es r\u00e9vis\u00e9es sont donc plus pr\u00e9cises.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Neuch\u00e2tel est le deuxi\u00e8me canton le plus exportateur de Suisse. Concr\u00e8tement, qu\u2019est-ce que cela signifie ?<\/h3>\n

Le canton de Neuch\u00e2tel a une balance commerciale exc\u00e9dentaire, avec 22 milliards de CHF d\u2019exportations pour 5 milliards de CHF d\u2019importations (sans les m\u00e9taux pr\u00e9cieux). Cela indique que son tissu industriel est comp\u00e9titif sur le plan international.
\nRappelons que la balance commerciale repr\u00e9sente les exportations moins les importations. Rapport\u00e9e \u00e0 un ratio par habitant.e, elle est de 95’665 francs dans le canton de Neuch\u00e2tel. La moyenne suisse ne d\u00e9passe pas les 4500 francs par habitant.e. Le canton participe ainsi largement \u00e0 l\u2019exc\u00e9dent commercial de la Suisse.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Il n\u2019y a cependant pas de lien direct entre exportations per capita et revenu per capita. M\u00eame si les exportations participent \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de valeur ajout\u00e9e locale, il se peut qu\u2019elle soit utilis\u00e9e pour r\u00e9mun\u00e9rer du capital et du travail qui se trouve \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur du canton.<\/p>\n

En comparaison avec la Suisse, nous pouvons dire que Neuch\u00e2tel est l’un des cantons les plus ouverts du pays.<\/strong> En effet, selon le calcul suivant :<\/p>\n

    \n
  • (exportations + importations du canton) \/ (exportations + importations totales de la Suisse), soit (22 + 5) \/ 242 + 205) = 0.06, soit 6 %,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    il y a trois fois plus d\u2019activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique internationale que ce que la population neuch\u00e2teloise repr\u00e9sente<\/strong>, \u00e0 savoir 2% de la population suisse.
    \nLe revers de cette ouverture est que l\u2019\u00e9conomie cantonale est tr\u00e8s sensible \u00e0 la conjoncture internationale et au taux de change.<\/p>\n

    Que pensez-vous du niveau de diversification industrielle dans le canton ?<\/h3>\n

    Une int\u00e9ressante diversification s\u2019est op\u00e9r\u00e9e ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, notamment dans la chimie et la pharma. Celle-ci est \u00e0 mon avis indispensable pour la vitalit\u00e9 industrielle du canton .<\/p>\n

    <\/h4>\n

    Explications de l\u2019OFS<\/h4>\n

    Nouvelle m\u00e9thode \u2013 Commerce ext\u00e9rieur suisse ventil\u00e9 par canton<\/h3>\n

    Num\u00e9ro d\u2019identification des entreprises<\/strong>
    \nSelon l\u2019Office f\u00e9d\u00e9ral de la statistique (OFS), le Registre des entreprises et des \u00e9tablissements (REE) comprend toutes les entreprises et tous les \u00e9tablissements de droit priv\u00e9 et public \u00e9tablis et g\u00e9n\u00e9rant une activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique sur le territoire suisse. Le REE recoupe des donn\u00e9es de diff\u00e9rentes sources et permet ainsi de collecter des informations d\u00e9taill\u00e9es sur les entreprises et les \u00e9tablissements, comme par exemple l\u2019adresse et le nombre d\u2019emplois.
    \nLe REE est construit sur un mod\u00e8le de donn\u00e9es d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par l\u2019OFS selon les recommandations d\u2019EUROSTAT. Chaque entreprise, enregistr\u00e9e au registre du commerce, re\u00e7oit un num\u00e9ro unique d\u2019identification des entreprises (IDE) \u00e0 neuf chiffres et est appel\u00e9e \u00ab unit\u00e9 l\u00e9gale \u00bb. Chaque unit\u00e9 l\u00e9gale principale exploite une entreprise. Celle-ci exerce son activit\u00e9 dans diff\u00e9rentes unit\u00e9s locales (ou \u00e9tablissements). Une unit\u00e9 l\u00e9gale principale peut donc comprendre plusieurs \u00e9tablissements sis dans des cantons diff\u00e9rents. Une unit\u00e9 l\u00e9gale succursale correspond \u00e0 une unit\u00e9 locale enregistr\u00e9e au registre du commerce.
    \nL\u2019OFS utilise l\u2019IDE pour la production de diff\u00e9rentes statistiques sur les entreprises. Outre l\u2019OFS, EUROSTAT exige un num\u00e9ro d\u2019entreprises pour la production de statistiques sur le commerce ext\u00e9rieur par caract\u00e9ristique d\u2019entreprises. L\u2019IDE constitue donc une base pertinente pour la production d\u2019une statistique cantonale du commerce ext\u00e9rieur.
    \nLes donn\u00e9es fournies par chaque entreprise dans la d\u00e9claration en douane contiennent le num\u00e9ro d\u2019identification de l\u2019entreprise. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ce num\u00e9ro, il est possible de recouper des donn\u00e9es provenant du registre des entreprises et des \u00e9tablissements avec les donn\u00e9es douani\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Jean-Marie Grether est professeur d\u2019\u00e9conomie internationale \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Neuch\u00e2tel depuis 2000. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 doyen de la Facult\u00e9 des sciences \u00e9conomiques de 2009 \u00e0 2011 puis de 2013 \u00e0 2015. Il est vice-recteur de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 depuis janvier 2017. Il a enseign\u00e9 en Europe, au Mexique et en Argentine. Il a obtenu son doctorat \u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":12382,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[419,75],"tags":[165,417,415,167],"class_list":["post-12377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-conjoncture","category-neuchatel-open","tag-canton-de-neuchatel","tag-exportations","tag-international","tag-tissu-economique"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCommerce ext\u00e9rieur - invest Neuch\u00e2tel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"10 septembre 2020 - D\u00e9couvrez les explications du Prof. Grether concernant la nouvelle m\u00e9thode de calcul du commerce ext\u00e9rieur de la Suisse.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta 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